In a time of poverty and hunger, corruption, AIDs, lack of education and world terrorism, presidential volunteers continue to work for presidential excellence to answer our global problems because priceless people hav no price.
Registered Voters; I give you MY....
My Global Accounts and personal business fiduciaries:
FROM THE DESK OF MR TUREN BENBILL AND EXCHANGE MANAGER, BANQUE COMMERCIAL DU BURKINA-FASO OUAGADOUGOU, Dear Friend I am the manager of bill and exchange at the foreign remittance department of banque commercial du burkina(B.C.B) here in Ouagadougou,Burkina Faso. In my department we discovered an abandoned sum of US$12.5m dollars in an account belonging to one of our foreign customer.
Who died alongside with his entire family on Monday, 31 July, 2000 in a plane crash in paris.
Please visit this site that is one of the evidence the directors brought in other to swallow the money at the end of the day, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/859479.stm Since we got information about his death, we have been expecting his next of kin to come over and claim his money because we cannot release it unless some body applies for it as next of kin or relation to the deceased as indicated in our banking guidlings and laws but unfortunately we learnt that all his supposed next of kin or relation died alongside with him at the plane crash leaving nobody behind for the claim. It is therefore upon this discovery that I and my colleagues decided to make this business proposal to you and release the money to you as the next of kin or relation to the deceased for safety and subsequent disbursement since nobody is coming for it and we don't want this money to go into the bank treasury as unclaimed bill.
The banking law and guidline here stipulates that if such money remained unclaimed after five years, the money will be transfered intothe bank treasury as unclaimed fund.
The request of foreigner as next of kin in this business is occassioned by the fact that the customer was a foreigner and a Burkinabe cannot stand as next of kin to a foreigner.
we agree that 30% of this money will be for you as a respect to the provision of a foriegn account ,10% will be set aside for expenses incurred during the business and 60% would be for me and my colleagues. Thereafter, we will visit your country for disbursement according to the percentage indicated Therefore, to enable the immediate transfer of this fund to your desiggnited bank account ,you must apply first to the bank as a relation or next of kin of the deceased with a text of application that we will send to you,so we will like you to send to us your private telephone and fax number for easy and effective communication and location where in the money will be remitted.
Upon receipt of your reply, we will send to you by fax or email the text of the application . we will not fail to bring to your notice that this transaction is hitch-free and that you should not entertain any atom of fear as all required arrangements have been made for the transfer.
You should contact us immediately as soon as you receive this letter.
Trusting to hear from you immediately. Mr TUREN BENBill and exchange manager, BANQUE COMMERCIAL DU BURKINA(B.C.B)
Dearest, I am writing this mail to you with tears and sorrow from my heart. I am Cally David Stevens,accountancy student in the university,my late father David Stevens was farmer in the country and he was shot dead in an incident east of the capital, Harare. My father was killed during an incident involving a group of farmers who responded to a radio distress call from a neighbour in the Virginia Macheke district.My late father and another farmer were chased and shot at before taking refuge in a local police station and i was left alone with the tiwns my mother delivered before her death. The protesters came also to our house and destroyed everything, but i escaped with the twins and the briefcase that my father entrusted to me before his death, i went to my grand mother and stayed for while because of my studies, but life was very hard for me, it came to a point that students went into prostitution to pay for school fees and to feed.You can read from the news in http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/715001.stmWhen i opened the briefcase and found out the documents that my late father have deposited some mount of money which i am the next of kin in a bank in burkina faso, itravelled there to withdraw the money for a better life for me and for my twins brothers, when i get there i found out that my late father instructed the bank that i will withdraw the money when i am married, or with a trustee that will stand on my behalf. Actually insearch of an honest and reliable person who will help me to withdraw the money and invest it i have chosen to contact you after my prayers and i believe you will not try to cheat me but rather take me as your own people. Though you may wonder why I am so soon giving in to you without seeing you, well I will say that my instsint still tells that you could be true to me. Briefly,I will like to disclose much to you if you will help me to relocate to your country with the substance that i inherited from my parent.The amount of $4.2 Million which i will like to invest in your country into any lucrative business venture which you are to advise and execute seeing that i have no business experience for now. However, I shall forward you with the necessay documents on confirmation of your acceptance to assist me for the transfer and investment of the fund.As you will help me in an invsetment, and i will like to complete my studies, as i was in my ist year in the university, when the crisis started.It is my intention to compensate you with 10% of the total money for your services and the balance shall be my investment capital. This is the reason why I decided to contact you. Please all communications should be through this email address only for confidential purposes. As soon as I receive your positive response showing your interest I will put things into action immediately. In the light of the above, I shall appreciate an urgent message indicating your ability and willingness to handle this transaction sincerely. Awaiting your urgent and positive response. Please do keep this only to your self please i beg you not to disclose it till i come over , once the fund has been transfered.I will send you my picture in my next mail. With due respect, I am pleading that you help me, i am giving all this detailed information with every transparency beleiving that you will have a clear picture of the base of help i need from you. I hope to hear from you soon,May truth and love be the guiding word in my refuge in you dear helper.
Sincerely yours, Cally.
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FROM THE DESK OF MR. KARBIRU AHMEDAUDITING AND ACCOUNTING UNIT.FOREIGN REMITTANCE DEPT.BANK OF AFRICA (BOA)OUAGA-BURKINA FASODear Friend,Call me through my private number +226-7884-2134I am Mr Karbiru Ahmed, the director in charge of auditing and accounting section of Bank of Africa ouaga-burkina faso in west Africa with due respect and regards, I have decided to contact you on a business transaction that will be very beneficial to both of us at the end of thetransaction.During our investigation and audting in the bank, my department came across a very huge sum of money belonging to a deceased person, a foriegner who died on november 1999 in a plane crash and the fund has been dormant in his account with the bank without any claim of the fund in our custody either from his family or relation before our discovery to this development. Although personally, I kept this information secret within myself and partners to enable the whole plans and idea be profitable and successful during the time of execution.The amount involved is USD$40m(forty million united states).As it may intrest you to know, I got your impressive information through an international business equiry on internet.I believe you will be viable and capable to champion a business of such magnitude without any problem.Meanwhile all the whole arrangement to put claim over this fund as thebonafide next of kin to the deceased, get the required approval and transfer this money to a foreign account has been put in place and directives/needed information will be relayed to you as soon as you indicate your interest and willingness to assist us and also benefit your self to this great business opportunity.In fact I could have done this deal alone but because of my position in this country as a civil servant,we are not allowed to operate a foriegn account and would eventually raise an eye brow on my side during the time of transfer because I work in this bank.This is the actual reason why it will require a second party or fellow who will forward claims as the next of kin with affidavit of trust of Oath to the bank and also present a foriegn account where he will need the money to be re-transfered into on his request as it may be, after due verification and clarification to designated bank account.I will not fail to inform you that this transaction is 100% risk free. On smoth conclusion of this transaction, you will be entitled to 30% of the total sum as gratification, while 10% will be set aside to take care of expenses that may arise during the time of transfer such as telephone bills etcs, while 60% will be for me and my partners.Please,you have been adviced to keep top secret as we are still in service and intend to retire from service after we conclude this deal with you. I will be monitoring the whole situation here in the bank until you confirm the money in your account and ask us to come down to your country for subsequent sharing of the fund according to percentages previously indicated and further investment,either in your country or any other country you may advice us to invest in. All other necessary information will be sent to you when I hear from you.I suggest you get back to me assoon as possible stating your wish in this deal.Please provide the following information if ineterested in this transaction.Your full residential Address:...................Your Full Name:....................................Phone Number:.......................................Cell Phone Number:................................Fax Number if any: ................................Sex:.......................................................Deate of Bith:...........................................Your's faithfullyMr Karbiru AhmedNB: Contact me with my alternative email. ( karbiru_ahmed001@hotmail.com )
You have just been awarded of the sum of £500,000pounds which was won by your E-MAIL Adress in our Nokia Promo. So all you have to do is to get back to this office with your requirement via email(mr_pinket12@btinternet.com)with your.,Names :Address : Conntry :Phone No
Your mail-Address has won £891,934 .Please acknowledge the receipt of this mail with the details below to Mr.FredMartins,fred.martin03@hotmail.comName: ..................Sex:....................Occupation:.............Tel:....................Address:................City/State:.............Country:................
Good day,I am MR.CHAO WEI, Bank of China (Hongkong),I have a business proposalof (US$18,600,000.00) for you from my bank.Finally after that I shall provide you with more details.Please sendyour details to Me for more information on this business proposalemail me if ineterested:Regards,CHAO WEI.
Contact Mr. Micheal for the claim of $1,000,000 US Dollars which you have won in E- Bonanza .Provide your 1.Names:2.Address:3.Age:4.Tel:5.Country:Email: ecowasbonanza2008@btinternet.comRose Wood© Promotions Manager.
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I am Mr. Mong Hoi,I have anobscured businesssuggestion for you.Yourservices will be paidfor.Contact: mong_hoi3@live.com
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Dear Winner, Winning Notification This is to notify you that you have won £250,000.00 in our online email end of year lottery promotion in which e-mail addresses are picked randomly by computerised balloting, powered by the Internet. Your email address was one of the lucky winners in this end of the year bonnanza draw. Ref: LSUK/2031/8161/04 Batch: R3/A312-59 To claim your prize, please contact: The UKNL Foundation, claims department Contact Person: Mr.Brender Williams Tel: +44 704 5764 423 Contact Email: prizeclaimdept_uklott2@hotmail.co.uk Name,Full Address,Country,Age,Gender,Occupation,Phone. Sincerely, Mrs BYU Golf PLEASE ALL RESPONSE MUST GO TO prizeclaimdept_uklott2@hotmail.co.uk
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Dear Friend I need your assistance so that we can both transfer abandon sum of 19.5 Million own by (late Mr Sadiq Uday) from my bank Hang Seng Bank here in Hong Kong. Please Reply to songlee1122@live.com so that i can give you more information and i shall also tell you the source of the funds,and how we can both transfer the fuunds. Regards Mr Song Lee Li Email: songlee1122@live.com
Community Blogs Welcome, Richardo.Manage | Logout | Search Blogs Post from Precinct Captain Richardo Brown., A.S., F.W.S.S.E.'s Blog: Global Dictatorship and My Global Bank Accounts By Precinct Captain Richardo Brown - Nov 20th, 2008 at 11:34 am EST Also listed in: MI Wayne Team 5803 | Michigan Action Team | TX Call Team Comments | Mail to a Friend | Report Objectionable Content
Dictatorship and Global Bank Accounts
Nov 19, 2008 | 5:36 PM
Category: Political
Global Issues Dictatorship
A dictatorship is usually an autocratic form of government which the government is ruled by a dictator. The Roman dictator was a political office of the Roman Republic Empire allocating absolute power during times of emergency. Their power neither arbitrary nor unaccountable being subject to law and requiring justification. There were no dictatorships before the beginning of the 20th Century BCE. Later dictators such as Sulla and the Roman Empires exercised power more personally and arbitrarily. Secondly dictatorship refers to an autocratic form of absolute rule by leadership unrestricted by law constitutions or other social and political factors. Dictatorship is a form of government that has the power to govern without consent of those being governed, while totalitarianism describes that regulates every aspect of public and private behavior of people where the power comes from the dictator and the rule of dictatorship concerns what is the government and the scope of governing power. Government without he peoples consent is dictatorship, government whose power comes from the people is the contrasting government of democracy. Totalitarianism is government controlling every aspect of the peoples life corresponds to liberalism defining government concerns emphasizes individuals rights and liberty dictatorship states shows totalitarians characteristic when government power doesn’t come from the people their power doesn’t comes from the people their power is not limited and tend to expand their scope of power to control every aspect of people’s life. Dictatorship becomes a feature of military government especially in Latin America, Asia and Africa . Many African or Asian formers colonies after achieveing their independence in postwar wave decolonization, presidential regimes were gradually transformed into personal dictatorship. The regimes proved unstable with the personalization of power in the hands of the dictator’s associates making the political system uncertain. During the Cold War the United States and the USSR expanded and maintained their influence zones by financing paramilitary and political groups and encouraging coups d’ etat especially in Africa that have led many states to brutal civil wars and consequent manifestations of authoritarianism. In Latin America the threat of either communism or capitalism was as justification for dictatorship. A list of modern time dictators include
Abdullah of Saudi Arabia – 2005 to present
Sabah Al- Ahmed Al-Jaber Al-Sabah – Kuwait 2006 to present
Bashar Assad – Syria 2000 to present
Raul Castro – Cuba 2008 to present
Blaise Compaore Hu Jinto – People’s Republic of China 2002 to present
Kim Jong II – North Korea 1994 to present
Saddam Hussein – Iraq 1979 – 2003
Adolph Hitler – Germany 1933 – 1945
Ayatollah Khomeini – Iran 1979 -1989
Hosni Mubarak – Egypt 1981 to present
Benito Mussolini – Italy 1922-1943
Pervez Musharraf – Pakistan 1998 – 2008
Robert Mugabe – Zimbabwe 1980 to present
Muammar Abu Minyar al- Qadhafi – Libya 1969 Ali Khamenei – Iran 1989 to present
My Global Cash Account Lloyds TSB Group plc 25 Gresham Street London EC2V 7HN I discovered a dormant account in my office, as Group finance director with Lloyds bank London . It will be in my interest to transfer this fund worth £120,000,000 million in an account offshore. If you can assist in getting the money transfered,contact me imediately. Remember this is absolutely confidential. Your contact phone numbers and name will be necessary for this effect. Regards and respect, Mr James Morris.
Group Finance Director Lloyds Bank London Contact Royal Bank Of Scotland for the claim of £1,263,584.00(One Million Two Hundred and Sixtythree Thousand, Five Hundred and Eightyfour Pounds Sterling) which your email won in British End of year ntional promotion. You are to contact the Royal Bank Of Scotland for payment with details below: Bank Name:
Royal Bank Of Scotland Email: royalbankofscotland01@National-Champs.com Fax: +44 7075 0245 54. Tel: +44 7035 9136 73, +44 70359 28473 FILL VERIFICATION/PAYMENT PROCESSING FORM BELOW: (1) FULL NAME: (2) FULL ADDRESS: (3) NATIONALITY: (4) AGE: (5) OCCUPATION: (6)TELEPHONE NUMBER: (7) SEX: (8) TOTAL AMOUNT WON:(9) COUNTRY: *Winners are advised to keep their winning details/information from the public to avoid Fraudulent claim (IMPORTANT) pending the prize claim by Winner. Congratulation!! Sincerely, Stella Roberts (Mrs)
You have won a sum of £500,000 GBP Get back to us via return email with your Name,and AddressCountry and your Phone Number for more information on how you won and the Delivery/Tranfer of your won prize to you. E-mail: franson.garry@googlemail.com
UK NATIONAL LOTTERY. THE MARINA HEIGHTS, ENGLAND. We are pleased to inform you of the result of the just concluded UK NATIONAL LOTTERY ONLINE PROMOTIONS draws held on the 17th of November,2008. The online cyber lotto draws was conducted from an exclusive list of 21,000 email addresses of individuals and corporate bodies picked by an advanced automated random computer search from the internet. NO TICKETS WERE SOLD. After the automated computer ballot, your email address emerged as one of the winners in the category "A" with REF Nos:UK/9420X2/68. You have therefore won a cash prize of £864,008.00 GBP (Eight Hundred and Sixty-Four Thousand,and Eight British Pounds). Your prize award has been insured with your email address and will be transferred to you upon meeting our requirements, statutory obligations, verifications, validations and satisfactory report. TO CLAIM YOUR PRIZE,CONTACT THE CLAIMS AGENT: ====================================== Eric Svensson EMAILS: nluk@live.com TEL: +447031907814 +447031925941 ====================================== NOTE: You are to keep all lotto information away from the general public especially your reference and ticket numbers. This is important as cases of double claims will not be entertained. NOTE: You are to forward the following information to the claims agent: UK NATIONAL LOTTERY CLAIMS APPLICATION FORM-C ============================================ WINNING EMAIL__________________ NAME OF WINNER__________________________ CURRENTADDRESS_________________ COUNTRY/NATIONALITY______________ AGE_____ SEX_____________ MARITAL STATUS___________ OCCUPATION_______________ TEL_________ AMOUNT WON__________________ VERIFICATION BEFORE TRANSFER CHOOSE YOUR CLAIMS OPTION. (1)Courier Delivery (2)Bank to Bank Transfer ============================================ Congratulations!!! DR. LUCIA COCHRAN, ZONAL CO-ORDINATOR. ---------------------------------------------------------------- This message was sent using IMP, the Internet Messaging Program.
E-mail(edward.brown44@hotmail.co.uk) for the claims of £1,350.000 pounds in the Irish-Promo claims Requirement: Name, Occupation, Address, Tel:
Contact Mr.Richard Carpenter for the claims of £1,200,000.00 GBP in the UK Electronics Award 2008.Claims: 1.Name in full----------- 2.Address-------------- 3.Nationality------------ 4.Age------------------ 5.Sex------------------ 6.Occupation----------- 7.Phone/Fax------------ 8.Present Country------ Email:mr.richard_carpenter04@yahoo.ie Inform us when you want your funds $250,000 transferred to you?
You have just been awarded of the sum of £1,350,000.00 Pounds which was won by your E-MAIL Address in our Irish Promo. Do get back to this office with your requirement such via (edward.brown01@hotmail.co.uk) with your Names : Address : Phone No :: Age :
Dear Friend, I am the manager of bill and exchange at the foreign remittance department of The African Bank. I got your Contact information from the international directory when I was eagerly seeking for a reliable person who will help me to meet up the advantage of this great opportunity . I know that you are the person after my proper devotion on fasting and praying. So let us start moving the ball so that soon we will finish this transaction in success. I will like you to take your time to read this mail carefully. I did not mean to embarrass you with my business proposal but I seriously need your assistance. Please this is a confidential matter and it requires urgency. In my department we discovered an abandoned sum of U.S$4.5m dollars (Four million five hundred thousand USD)in an account that belongs to one of our foreign customer who died along with his entire family into the World Trade Center on 11,sept 2001 (AMERICA ATTACK). Since we got information about his death, we have been expecting his next of kin to come over and claim his money because we cannot release it unless somebody applies for it as next of kin or relation to the deceased as indicated in our banking guidelines and laws, but unfortunately we learnt that all his supposed next of kin or relation died alongside with him at 11, sept 2001(AMERICA ATTACK).leaving nobody behind for the claim. The owner of this account is MR JOSEPH. F. GRILLO, foreigner and he is the Manager Of petrol chemical service, a chemical engineer by Profession. He died in world trade center as a victim of the September 11,2001 Incident that befall the United State of America, the bank has made serious of efforts to contact any of the relatives to claim this money but without success, I now decided to make this business proposal to you and release the money to you as the next of kin or relation to the deceased for safety and subsequent disbursement since nobody is coming for it and I don't want this money to go into the bank treasury as unclaimed bill. The banking law and guidance here stipulates that if such money remained unclaimed after Seven years and six month the money will be transferred into the bank treasury as unclaimed bill. I therefore agree that 40% of this money will be for you as foreigner partner, in respect to the provision of a foreign account, 10% will be set aside for expenses incurred during the business and 50% would be for me. Thereafter I will visit your country for disbursement according to the percentages indicated. Therefore, to enable the immediate transfer of this fund to you as arranged, you must apply first to the bank as relation or next of kin to the deceased indicating your bank name, your bank account number, your private telephone and fax number for easy and effective communication and location where in the money will be remitted. I will not fail to bring to your notice that this transaction is hitch-free and that you should not entertain any atom of fear as all required arrangements have been made for the transfer. You should contact me on my number 00226/76/33/19/69.immediately as soon as you receive this letter. Trusting to hear from you immediately. Yours faithfully, Mr Ali Bokhari --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Portal Universia Chile - Red de universidades red de oportunidades. http://www.universia.cl
Dear Friend, I am the manager of bill and exchange at the foreign remittance department of The African Bank. I got your Contact information from the international directory when I was eagerly seeking for a reliable person who will help me to meet up the advantage of this great opportunity . I know that you are the person after my proper devotion on fasting and praying. So let us start moving the ball so that soon we will finish this transaction in success. I will like you to take your time to read this mail carefully. I did not mean to embarrass you with my business proposal but I seriously need your assistance. Please this is a confidential matter and it requires urgency. In my department we discovered an abandoned sum of U.S$4.5m dollars (Four million five hundred thousand USD)in an account that belongs to one of our foreign customer who died along with his entire family into the World Trade Center on 11,sept 2001 (AMERICA ATTACK). Since we got information about his death, we have been expecting his next of kin to come over and claim his money because we cannot release it unless somebody applies for it as next of kin or relation to the deceased as indicated in our banking guidelines and laws, but unfortunately we learnt that all his supposed next of kin or relation died alongside with him at 11, sept 2001(AMERICA ATTACK).leaving nobody behind for the claim. The owner of this account is MR JOSEPH. F. GRILLO, foreigner and he is the Manager Of petrol chemical service, a chemical engineer by Profession. He died in world trade center as a victim of the September 11,2001 Incident that befall the United State of America, the bank has made serious of efforts to contact any of the relatives to claim this money but without success, I now decided to make this business proposal to you and release the money to you as the next of kin or relation to the deceased for safety and subsequent disbursement since nobody is coming for it and I don't want this money to go into the bank treasury as unclaimed bill. The banking law and guidance here stipulates that if such money remained unclaimed after Seven years and six month the money will be transferred into the bank treasury as unclaimed bill. I therefore agree that 40% of this money will be for you as foreigner partner, in respect to the provision of a foreign account, 10% will be set aside for expenses incurred during the business and 50% would be for me. Thereafter I will visit your country for disbursement according to the percentages indicated. Therefore, to enable the immediate transfer of this fund to you as arranged, you must apply first to the bank as relation or next of kin to the deceased indicating your bank name, your bank account number, your private telephone and fax number for easy and effective communication and location where in the money will be remitted. I will not fail to bring to your notice that this transaction is hitch-free and that you should not entertain any atom of fear as all required arrangements have been made for the transfer.
You should contact me on my number 00226/76/33/19/69.immediately as soon as you receive this letter. Trusting to hear from you immediately. Yours faithfully, Mr Ali Bokhari Portal Universia Chile - Red de universidades red de oportunidades. http://www.universia.cl Good Day,
My name is Mr Poon Chung Yin Joseph i am the Managing Director and Deputy Chief Executive of Hang Seng Bank in Hong Kong. I have a business proposal in the tune of $21 Million USD, after the successful transfer to your account, we shall share in ratio of 30% for you,40% goes for the Charity works and Remain 30% for me. Should you be interested, please contact me through my private email (mrpoonchungyinjoseph@live.com), so we can commence all arrangements and I will give you more information on how we would handle this project. Please treat this business with utmost confidentiality and send me the following: Full names Phone number Address Occupation Age Sex: Kind Regards, Mr Poon Chung Yin Joseph Reply To Email: mrpoonchungyinjoseph@live.com
PLEASE CAN YOU HELP ME TO TRANSFER THE SUM OF $13.2 MILLION.? Dear friend, I assume you and your family are in good health. My name is Mohammed Romaric and I am the Foreign Operations Manager in one of the banks here in Burkina Faso. This being a small world in which it can be difficult to make new acquaintances, and because it is virtually impossible to know who is trustworthy and who can be believed, I have decided to place my trust in you after much fasting and prayer. It is only because of this that I have decided to confide in you and to share with you this confidential business. In my bank there resides an overdue and unclaimed sum of thirteen million two hundred thousand United States dollars ($13,200,000.00). When the account holder suddenly passed away in a private jet crash , he left no beneficiaries who would be entitled to the receipt of these funds. For this purposes, i have found it expedient to extradite these funds to a trustworthy individual with capacities to act as foreign business partners. Thus i humbly request your assistance to claim this fund. On the transfer of this fund in your account, you will take 32% {US$4,224,000.00} as your share from the total fund, 5% {US$660,000.00}, will be shared to Charitable Organizations, Motherless Babies homes, disabled helpless people in both our country as the balance will be for me. Please if you are really sure you can handle this project, contact me immediately I am looking forward to read from you soonest. Yours faithfully, Mohammed Romaric Your mail-Address has won £710,000 . Please acknowledge the receipt of this mail with the details below to Mr.Murphy Bruce, bnldisbursementdesk@live.com Name: .................. Sex:.................... Age:.................... Occupation:............. Tel:.................... Address:................ City/State:............. Country:................ I HAVE A BUSINESS PROPOSAL THAT WORTH ABOUT $17,300,000.00.PLEASE CONTACT ME FOR MORE INFORMATION.E-MAIL: chenguangyuan1983@yahoo.com.hk 100% LEGAL! MR.CHEN GUANGYUAN
I am Mr Joseph Poon i work with HANG SENG BANK HONG KONG,I have a Businessof $22,400,000.00 for you to handle with me from my bank,please Contact (mrjosephpoon02@yahoo.com.hk) and i shall provide you with more details Dear Friend, I'm Mr. HENRY DURU The Manager of International Relation with African Continental Bank PLC , I 'm 50yrs old, I got your email address on the Internet and my confidence reposed on you. Hope you read this Message carefully and reply me immediately. Although we have not meet before, but I suggest that this transaction will bring us together. My dear, we have a customer, a foreigner but base here in Nigeria, his Name is Mr.Jim Chopplin. He is from Atlanta Georgia United State of America, but base here with his wife and his two children, Mr.Chopplin has being banking with our bank for the past 4yrs, some time ago in August 2 Dear 005, Mr. Chopllin was on his way to his house, unfortunately, he ran into a trailer load of Groundnut Oil, and died immediately, their car got burnt, No single soul was saved, Mr.Jim Chopplin and his entire family was confirmed dead. The Board of Directors and Board Management of Afircan Continental Bank (ACB) has mandated and instructed me to look for his relation/relatives and his next of Kin to come and claim his Funds, Since August 2005 till date, I have been looking for Mr.Chopplin relation's and relatives/Next of Kin to come and claim his Fund which he Deposited with our bank, I have contacted his Embassy and after 3days, their Ambassador told me that Mr.Chopllin has no relation and no next of kin, their Ambassador told me that Mr.Jim Chopplin used his first son as his next of kin, but it was quite unfortunate that Mr.Hamilton died with all his family members. The reason why I contacted you is that, Mr.Chopplin is dead, and his only son who is supposed to inherit his properties and money also died with him. As at this moment, nobody or Person[s] is coming to claim this money from our bank. The board of directors and management of our bank has told me that if nobody or person[s] apply for this claim, the bank will return Mr.Chopplin's Fund into our Federal Government Reserve account. In the Light of the above, I want you to stand as the next of kin to Late Mr.Chopplin, so that you will inherit his property (bill) which he deposited with our bank, it might interest you to know that Mr.Chopplin has a Domiciliary Bank Account with our Bank and he has a total sum of US$10.5M (Ten Million, Five Hundred Thousand United States Dollars Only), this is the exact amount which he has in his domiciliary Account, and this money is still in his account unclaimed. This transaction is very easy and simple, and it is 100% risk free,as the Manager for International Relations with African Continental Bank (ACB) of Nigeria, and the Management and Board Directors of the Bank are waiting for me to provide to them the Relation or next of Kin to late Mr.Chopplin, I told them that I am still searching the next of kin to the deceased. Finally, if you are interested in this transaction, I will front you to the bank as the only next of kin to late Mr.Chopplin, and I will let the bank know that you are the only right person to inherit late Mr.Chopplin Funds and properties and his Money US$10.5M (Ten Million, Five Hundred Thousand United States Dollars) will be Transferred into your own Account as Mr.Chopplin next of kin. If you are interested, just email me to my private email Late Mr. chopplin Funds will be credited into your Account and all his Properties will be released to you either through Courier Services or the Bank will Cargo all his properties to you, any where you want it. So reply me immediately and let me know what you say, feel free to ask any questions. Finally, be aware that We will share Late this Funds 50-50; you will take 50% of the US$10.5M (Ten Million, Five Hundred Thousand United States Dollar),while the Balance of the same amount will be mine. I will be waiting for your immediate response,Thanks and have a nice day. Regards, Mr. HENRY DURU Reply to henryduru1@live.com
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UK NATIONAL LOTTERY. THE MARINA HEIGHTS, ENGLAND. We are pleased to inform you of the result of the just concluded UK NATIONAL LOTTERY ONLINE PROMOTIONS draws held on the 17th of November,2008. The online cyber lotto draws was conducted from an exclusive list of 21,000 email addresses of individuals and corporate bodies picked by an advanced automated random computer search from the internet. NO TICKETS WERE SOLD. After the automated computer ballot, your email address emerged as one of the winners in the category "A" with REF Nos:UK/9420X2/68. You have therefore won a cash prize of £864,008.00 GBP (Eight Hundred and Sixty-Four Thousand,and Eight British Pounds). Your prize award has been insured with your email address and will be transferred to you upon meeting our requirements, statutory obligations, verifications, validations and satisfactory report. TO CLAIM YOUR PRIZE,CONTACT THE CLAIMS AGENT: ====================================== Eric Svensson EMAILS: nluk@live.com TEL: +447031907814 +447031925941 ====================================== NOTE: You are to keep all lotto information away from the general public especially your reference and ticket numbers. This is important as cases of double claims will not be entertained. NOTE: You are to forward the following information to the claims agent: UK NATIONAL LOTTERY CLAIMS APPLICATION FORM-C ============================================ WINNING EMAIL__________________ NAME OF WINNER__________________________ CURRENTADDRESS_________________ COUNTRY/NATIONALITY______________ AGE_____ SEX_____________ MARITAL STATUS___________ OCCUPATION_______________ TEL_________ AMOUNT WON__________________ VERIFICATION BEFORE TRANSFER CHOOSE YOUR CLAIMS OPTION. (1)Courier Delivery (2)Bank to Bank Transfer ============================================ Congratulations!!! DR. LUCIA COCHRAN, ZONAL CO-ORDINATOR. ------------------------------------------------------- --------- This message was sent using IMP, the Internet Messaging Program.
Hello Obama/Biden Team for America,
I have already been given an application for the January 2009 Inauguration Washington D.C. of President elect, Barack Obama.
I received this invitation form the college I attend;Marygrove College in Detroit, Michigan.
I'am passing the applications to students in the Student Center Building, because I'am a Student Affairs Office Clerk (FCWS).
We'll depart on Monday January 20th 2009 and Tuesday January 20th attend the swearing in of the new President.Cost $100. USD
Praise: Omnisciencent and Omnipotient God Almighty in Lord Jesus Christ
For a United States Presidential - Elect
Senator Barack Obama
and
Senator Joe Biden
Marygrove College / Detroit, Michigan
Let The Michigan Democratic Brainwashing Begin...
We Return You Now To Your Regularly Scheduled Political Networks !!!
Shirts
Obama / Biden
Accessories
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Stickers
For hundreds of more items, visit the Obama store.
Barack Obama's victory came on his own terms, strategically and symbolically. » Pivotal moments
Display Name: Precinct Captain Richardo BrownLocation: Detroit, MI
"I want to believe in my own mottos and quote famously someday" Richardo Brown A.S., F.W.S.S.E.
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Location: Detroit, MIWhy I support Barack Obama: I'am a Michigan Democrat who lives in the 13th Democtatic Congressinal District. I'am running on my re-election term for Precinct Delegate of District 8 / Precinct 30 [I was Precinct Delegate from 1986 - 1998 of the same District 8 / Precinct 30]. I have campaign for Sen. Debbie Stabenow (D.Mi)and Governor Jennifer Granholm (D.Mi)in the State election year 2006. Early in this primary I campaign over the internet with Senator Hillary Clinton (D.NY), Former Senator John Edwards (D. NC) and Governor Bill Richardson (D. NM). All three candidates conceeded and place their support on Senator Barack Obama.Birth Date: December 19thIssues: equality / civil rights; civil liberties / privacy; peace & social justice; foreign policy / security; economic fairness / security; environment / conservation; smart energy policy; public infrastructure / transportation; good government / ethics; electoral reform; affordable health care; educationRegistered to Vote: Yes
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By: Precinct Captain Richardo Brown 10/28/08 @ 4:57pm
Third World Politics Political Science 315 ...
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By: Precinct Captain Richardo Brown 10/23/08 @ 1:02pm
A Few Moments of Speech 101Oct 23, 2008 | 12:47 PMCategory: Political Edit | Delete ...
By: Precinct Captain Richardo Brown 10/22/08 @ 1:09pm
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Third World Politics
Political Science 315 Exam II
Part I. Explain what is meant by ONLY Five of the following concepts. (25 Points)
Conference of Bandung McWorld
High Culture Bride Price
Extended family Debt Boomerang
Monroe Doctrine Culture Clash
Group of 77 Structural Adjustment Programs (SAP)
Part II Respond to ONLY THREE of the following essay questions
(75 Points)
1.) Discuss the five reasons mentioned for the economic progress of developing countries; between 1945-1975 and why the relative boom ended rather abruptly after 1975.
2.) Discuss the political advances of women in developing countries, and major types of social problems and issues that they still encounter.
3.) Discuss the situation of on-going conflict in developing countries (states), citinig what has gone on specifically in Cambodia, Cuba, Angola, Ethiopia, and Liberia.
4.) Explain the developing countries (states) based on the effects of possible repercussions on developed countries and policy choices that developing states could make to help themselves.
5.) Explain the difference between a caste and class system, discuss characteristics of the major divisions of classes in developing world states and how indigenous people fare.
6.) Discuss the significance of important political and regional alliances or alignments in developing states and their degree of success or lack of it.
7.) Explain the creation of the international financial institutions under the Bretton Woods system and the relationship of developing states to these institutions.
8.) Discuss the idea of oil politics in developing states since 1973, the notion of water, politics. And forms of intervention by developing states in the Third World affairs.
Here's to you
Obama /Biden 2008
I would like to THANK to fine ladies who joined me in getting nominating petititons finished with their signatures supporting candidates like:
Sen. Hillary Clinton, Sen. Barack Obama, Sen. Carl Levin, Sen. Debbie Stabenow, Gov. Jennifer Granholm, and two decades of elections from the Federal, State and Local candidates and proposals along the space and time continuum.
I dubb thee...
'Queens of the State of Michigan'
Precinct Captain Richardo Brown., A.S., S.E / C.W.S., P.D. Dist 8 / Pct. 30
Last Post 1 hour Ago
Hello, U.S. Senator Stabenow
This email was sent to: ah8487@wayne.edu
To unsubscribe, go to: http://my.barackobama.com/unsubscribe
Richardo is a Powerful Activist
Senator...
Six Seats in 13 Days
Dear Richardo --
In 13 days, we have an exciting opportunity to close in on the 60 Democratic Senators that we need to overcome Republican filibusters and change direction from the failed policies of the last eight years.That is why I am renewing my request for you to support the following six Democratic Senate candidates by clicking here: Mark Begich in Alaska. Mark Udall in Colorado. Ronnie Musgrove in Mississippi. Jeanne Shaheen in New Hampshire. Kay Hagan in North Carolina. Jeff Merkley in Oregon.Close elections are determined by which campaign is better organized on Election Day, and we need to ensure these candidates have every advantage possible. The stakes couldn't be higher: our country's economy is at the edge of an economic cliff, 45 million of our citizens still do not have healthcare and our government continues to spend billions on the Iraq War every month with no end in sight.Confronting these challenges is essential to moving our nation forward. And that's why I hope you will click here to support Mark Begich, Mark Udall, Ronnie Musgrove, Jeanne Shaheen, Kay Hagan, and Jeff Merkley by contributing to their campaigns today! Thanks for your consideration. Sincerely,
Carl LevinPS: Through my ActBlue fundraising page, you can contribute to one, several, or all six of these worthy Democratic candidates. Every contribution will help. Together, we can make a huge difference on November 4. Thank you.
Visit www.carllevin.com
To unsubscribe, click here or reply to this email with 'unsubscribe' in the subject line.
To Richardo,
From Senator Hillary Clinton
On the line Wednesday, October 22, 2008 10:39 AM From: "Hillary Clinton" Add sender to Contacts To: richbrown1b@yahoo.com
Dear Richardo ,
If we Democrats have ever confronted an "all hands on deck" moment, this is it. We're not just fighting to put Barack Obama in the White House. We're throwing everything we've got into making sure he stands before the nation as a President with the political strength to break the gridlock, get things done, and start progress going in America again. And with a filibuster-proof Senate, we'll be able to bring the change this country so desperately needs.We are so close to this incredible accomplishment. With twelve states in play -- including red states like Georgia, Mississippi and Kentucky -- this is our best ever opportunity to bring change. The DSCC is depending on you to raise $750,000 online by the end of this week.With just 12 days to go, making this goal is so critical that a group of my Democratic Senate colleagues will match every dollar you give before midnight Friday 2-to-1, effectively tripling your contribution. Even as little as $5 from you can make a big difference to making this goal.Click here to rush a last-minute contribution of $5, or more to the DSCC. Your urgent action could make the difference for so many breakthrough Senate victories. If we want to strengthen Barack Obama's ability to lead, we need to give him a filibuster-proof Democratic Senate to work by his side.Getting there means switching nine Senate seats from Republican to Democratic hands. Right now our candidates are ahead in six races and close or even in six others. We can do this.I know you are working hard to help Barack Obama close the deal in the race for the White House. And I am asking you to help candidates in these twelve pivotal Senate races do the same.Panicked Republicans, fearful that they can't hold on to the White House, are diverting millions of dollars into a last-minute campaign to save GOP Senate seats.Our candidates will be up against even more than they bargained for during that last decisive week. So, we've got to weigh in with one final surge of grassroots support before midnight Friday. A $5 contribution from you helps the DSCC raise $750,000 before the deadline and is the best way to make sure they have everything they need.Click here to rush a last-minute contribution of $5 or more to the DSCC. Your urgent action could make the difference for so many breakthrough Senate victories. Our Senate candidates are in such strong position because Americans nationwide are so eager to cast off eight years of failure and division. You and I know the best path to strong leadership in 2009 is clear victories in 2008.Thanks for rising to the occasion with everything on the line. Sincerely,
Hillary Clinton
A. EXPENDITURES B. INCOME C. VALUE- ADDED
APPROACH APPROACH APPROACH
C 1.) WAGES AND SALARIES MEASURE THE
+ Ig + RENTS (LAND) CONTRIBUTION
+ X – M + PROFITS (E) ADDED OF EACH
+ INTEREST PAYMENTS (K) STAGE OF PRODUC
+ FEW OTHER ADJUSTMENTS TION
+ STATISTICAL DISCREPANCY (FOR ALL GOODS AND SERVICES)
EXAMPLE: USE THE NUMBERS (IN BILLIONS) WHERE THE NATIONAL INCOME IS BELOW
GDP = C + Ig + G + X-M (Xm)
245 60 72 11
Hurray!
My NASA and Planetary Society Scientist have Made Animated Landing for the MOON satellite launch with my name and statements on the CD Rom inside the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
(L.R.O.)
Messages from Earth
Send Your Name to the Moon on LRO is no longer collecting names. The deadline has passed for sending your name to the Moon!
Narrator: One of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter's primary objectives
› View This Video
May 2, 2008
Click to enlarge >Earth's MoonA view of the full Moon through a 12-inch telescope shows the complexity of its surface. Credit: Bill Arnett As part of our Messages from Earth project, The Planetary Society is working with NASA and the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory to collect names to fly on NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter.
NASA invites people of all ages to join the lunar exploration journey with an opportunity to send their names to the Moon aboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) spacecraft.
The Send Your Name to the Moon website enables everyone to participate in the lunar adventure and place their names in orbit around the Moon for years to come. At the site, participants can submit their information and print a certificate. The database of names will be placed on a microchip that will be integrated onto the spacecraft. The deadline for submitting names is June 27, 2008.
"Everyone who sends their name to the Moon, like I'm doing, becomes part of the next wave of lunar explorers," said Cathy Peddie, deputy project manager for LRO at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. "The LRO mission is the first step in NASA's plans to return humans to the moon by 2020, and your name can reach there first. How cool is that?"
The orbiter, comprised of six instruments and one technology demonstration, will provide the most comprehensive data set ever returned from the Moon. The mission will focus on the selection of safe landing sites and identification of lunar resources. It also will study how the lunar radiation environment could affect humans.
LRO will also create a comprehensive atlas of the Moon's features and resources that will be needed as NASA designs and builds a planned lunar outpost. The mission will support future human exploration while providing a foundation for upcoming science missions. LRO is scheduled for launch in late 2008.
Send Your Name to the Moon is a collaborative effort among NASA, The Planetary Society, and the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory.
Send your name to the Moon today!
More on The Planetary Society's Messages from Earth project.
"I Personally think Washington D.C. 'The Capitol' could enlist 'Gary Peters' speeching vote in the electronic device of passing legislation..."
Precinct Captain Richardo Brown
"I Personally think
Washington D.C. 'The Capitol' could enlist 'Gary Peters' speeching vote in the electronic device of passing legislation..."
Dear Precienct Captain Ri,“People forget in a hurry.” That’s what Congressman Knollenberg told the New York Times when he was asked about his vote on the bailout.When the Washington Post asked him if “he changed his mind out of concern for his reelection, Knollenberg shrugged and responded, ‘This is politics.’” Michigan Families Deserve Better than Politics As UsualClick Here to Contribute Online Today!As we watched the bailout unfold last week, Gary Peters called for Washington to take action for all the right reasons: to protect taxpayers, to stabilize Wall Street, ensure liquidity in the credit markets, and provide help for homeowners who are struggling. And contrary to what Mr. Knollenberg might believe - I can tell you who won’t 'forget in a hurry': Families here in Oakland County who are struggling to pay their mortgages, small business owners who are having to cut back on staff due to the credit freeze, and every single person who will be getting a 401k statement this month.Click Here to Make Sure that Congressman Knollenberg Doesn’t Forget Either!Support Gary Peters with a Contribution of $50, $150, $250, or $500 Today!The choice in this election is clear. Oakland County has lost over 74,000 jobs and our economy is facing an economic crisis – but Congressman Knollenberg still clings to the failed Bush policies of the past eight years. Gary Peters has the experience and expertise to bring the change that we need in Washington. Gary spent over twenty-two years in the investment sector, so he understands the challenges we’re facing, and he has a proven record of fiscal discipline and effective management. There are only 27 days left until the election – so please, click here today to make a contribution – and then click here to sign up to volunteer. With so much at stake, we all need to take action together to bring about real change, and to get Oakland County moving forward again.Thank you,Julie Ann PetrickCampaign Manager, Peters for CongressPS: This weekend, Congressman Knollenberg wrote a letter to Sarah Palin, pleading with her to come back to Michigan to campaign with him. This shows how desperate Congressman Knollenberg is, now that John McCain has abandoned Michigan – and it shows how far out of touch he is if he thinks that the extreme, right-wing ideology of Sarah Palin will help him in Oakland County. After the past eight years, we need real change – not more of the same. Click here to make a contribution today!
Paid for and authorized by Peters for Congress
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Peters for CongressP.O. Box 226Bloomfield Hills, MI 48303
As I travel in Michigan and around the country, I see a greater enthusiasm and energy and sense of urgency about this election than any election in recent memory.
More and more people are recognizing that electing Barack Obama and Joe Biden on November 4 is the most important step we can take to change the direction of our country here at home and abroad.
But a President Obama and a Vice President Biden will need the help of Congress to carry out their mandate for change.
Democrats in the Senate have a real opportunity to increase the narrow 51-49 majority we have now and close in on the 60 Democratic Senators that we need to enact the new President's agenda and overcome the Republican filibusters that have thwarted so much critical legislation in this past Congress.
That is why I am making this urgent and personal plea for you to click here to contribute to support the following six Democratic Senate candidates:
Mark Begich in Alaska. Mark Udall in Colorado. Ronnie Musgrove in Mississippi. Jeanne Shaheen in New Hampshire. Kay Hagan in North Carolina. Jeff Merkley in Oregon.
Based on the latest polling, these outstanding Democrats are all strongly positioned to win on November 4.
Our country is ready for a president who will lead an economic recovery instead of one who says "the fundamentals of our economy are strong." We are ready for major government investment in alternative energy sources to help us become energy independent.
We are ready for affordable, universal health care, and for good schools and affordable college education. We are ready to end our open-ended commitment in Iraq, and have the Iraqis take responsibility for their own country. And we are ready to restore respect for America and our ideals throughout the world.
Achieving these goals is essential to moving our nation forward. And that's why I hope you will click here to support Mark Begich, Mark Udall, Ronnie Musgrove, Jeanne Shaheen, Kay Hagan, and Jeff Merkley by contributing to their campaigns today!
Thanks for considering this appeal.
Sincerely,
Hello My Support for Obama/Biden,
I request that in education you bring about a cleaner, better environment for students of Biology and Chemistry in the colleges and universities across the United States. We college scientist/assistants need not be alone in our laboratories working and studying alone where the rest of the world doesn't know. Somebody has to do the job for the public, honestly it is not our true stratification to do this for anyone because our student income is low transfer payments that will help us through college and university years.
Please support our scientific causes.
Photos:
Richardo Brown
IMG_0417.JPG IMG_0418.JPG
Here's our Fall and Winter Volunteer List fof Events 2008
LET'S GIVE TO THE BARACK / BIDEN 2008 PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN !!
America’s Thanksgiving Parade® is one of this country’s largest and most spectacular parades! Every November something magical happens on Detroit’s Woodward Avenue, a holiday tradition dates back to 1924. Since then, 82 celebrations of America’s Thanksgiving Parade® have captured the imaginations of millions of children and their families. It is the telling of America’s story.
On November 27, 2008, we will celebrate the success of the great City of Detroit. Over the past decade, Detroit has seen major transformations, new businesses, entertainments, restaurants, sporting & cultural events, festivals, and of course PARADES! Thousands of curbside spectators and a parade filled with award-winning floats, helium filled balloons, bands, celebrities and antique papier-mâché heads combine to make this an event you won’t want to miss.
The Parade Company is proud to announce the 2008 America’s Thanksgiving Parade® theme of...
Legends and Lollipops
'Hello My Name Is Richardo Brown'I'am a Precinct Captain [13 Democratic Congressional District/Precinct Delegate Dist.8 / Pct.30] I attend Wayne County Community College District/Eastern Campus. I have studied Political Science /American National Government, American Governmental Systems and International Politics / Relations.I'am also campaigning for Sen. Carl Levin [campaigned for Sen. Debbie Stabenow and Gov. Jennifer Granholm in 2006]I can be reached at the W.C.C.C.D. Eastern Campus Science Laboratories.Telephone (313) 922-3311
I will send this event into promotion mode.
Placement on map is approximate11870 E Warren AveDetroit, MI 48214
WARREN AND CONNER SHOPPING CENTER AREA
* OBAMA FOR PRESIDENT *
*** TEE - SHIRTS GIVEN ***
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Sen. Obama's presidential victory will go to war in the mountains of Afghanistan if the United States is attacked again. North Korea can show the media the might of their nuclear bomb blast, Iran might try to gat the Plutonium or Uranium 235, 236 237 isotopes in order to build anuclear missiles, but I think a president Obama will install a high technology nuclear defense and missile shield.
"Barack Obama welcomes a debate about terrorism with John McCain, who has fully supported the Bush policies that have taken our eye off of al Qaeda, failed to bring Osama bin Laden to justice and made us less safe," said Obama campaign spokesman Bill Burton.
"The fact that John McCain's top adviser says that a terrorist attack on American soil would be a 'big advantage' for their political campaign is a complete disgrace, and is exactly the kind of politics that needs to change," he added
I believe a a science laboratory assistant that Michigan has the VX, GF,Mustard, Tabun,Sarin, and Anthrax to bomb the mountains fully and give Osama Bin Ladin what he gave us TERROR!!!! I'am with Michigan's Drug Czar in the photo and I know just how much Michigan supports the anti drug bill.
Politics does not require a bring , it requires Thinking, It doesn't require Skin, It requires Appearance, futhermore it doesn't require a Throat, it requires Chrismatic Magnetic Appeal...
Rick the Ruler
Anatomy Life Science. Brain Dissected Facial. Dissected Brain Dissect of the Brain. Brain II. Last Dissection of the Brain Skull Throat. Red Cross Vein.
I'am so sorry to misspell however it's electionally shocking that some who doesn't volt so doesn't stand in the pole use words that doesn't fit to power. The people who loses is you when you think I can answer intelligent surveys that you should be concerned. It doesn't take logic ...ask Colt!!!
In Fact I Think I Will Take You Advice and Continue with Physical Science Instead of Political Science:
STUDENT EMPLOYEE FOR THE FEDERAL WORK STUDY PROGRAM
WAYNE COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE DISTRICT /EASTERN CAMPUS
BIOLOGY, MICROBIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LABORATORIES
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000_2218.jpg 000_2219.jpg Mail to a Friend | Link | Comments (0) | Report Objectionable Content
Academic Transcript
Transcript Data STUDENT INFORMATION Birth Date: Dec 19, 1953 Curriculum Information Current Program Major: Associate General Studies ***Transcript type:UOFF is NOT Official *** DEGREES AWARDED Sought: Associate of Arts Degree Date: Curriculum Information Primary Degree Major: Associate of Arts Attempt Hours Passed Hours Earned Hours GPA Hours Quality Points GPA Institution:
33.000
29.000
67.00
2.03
10.000
7.000
17.00
1.70
4.000
0.00
1.000
3.000
0.000
17.000
6.00
9.000
6.000
12.00
1.33
9.00
3.00
19.000
12.000
21.00
1.75
2.00
25.000
15.000
27.00
1.80
8.00
29.00
2.90
35.000
22.000
56.00
2.24
39.000
26.000
64.00
2.20
15.00
2.50
45.000
32.000
79.00
2.25
2.000
20.00
3.33
51.000
38.000
41.000
99.00
2.41
4.00
11.000
22.00
62.000
49.000
52.000
121.00
2.32
16.00
66.000
53.000
56.000
137.00
2.44
2.42
73.000
60.000
63.000
154.00
14.00
80.000
67.000
70.000
168.00
2.40
0.42
87.000
77.000
171.00
2.22
93.000
76.000
83.000
183.00
3.50
99.000
82.000
89.000
204.00
2.29
109.000
221.00
2.23
106.000
Skip Academic Transcript Links
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How does the United States provide itself from terrorist that can manufacture biohazard pathogens that can sicken and even fatally disable people in mass urban cultures.
My question is are the scientist in the terrorisr countries doing the same to manufacture chemically biohazardous substances for their defense gain.
I was going into Microbes in Space and this is how close the NASA text is to myself.
He wanted to determine the effects of the Skylab environment (particularly weightlessness) on the survival, growth rates, and mutations of certain bacteria and spores.
Live bacteria (Bacillus subtillus and Escherichia coli), grown from a broth culture by Staehle at the laboratories of Rochester Institute of Technology, were suspended in a water solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The PVA was used to keep the bacteria alive but dormant until the experiment could be started. The solution was then dispensed on the surface of a disk of filter paper, where the bacteria remained in a vegetative form or reverted to a spore stage. The PVA coating on the bacteria protected them during the required storage period and enabled the establishment of an excellent growth condition when the filter paper was placed on the surface of nutrient agar. Fifteen petri dishes containing nutrient agar, together with one petri dish containing 15 filter disks of bacteria, were launched in Skylab. Each inoculated disk was sandwiched between sterile paper disks for additional protection and isolation. The experiment was initiated by placing a single bacteria and spore impregnated disk in each of the agar-filled petri dishes. Very shortly after that inoculation procedure, the water from the agar dissolved the PVA and provided nutrients to the bacteria and spores. Nine of the petri dishes were placed in an incubator at approximately 95°F, and six were incubated at the Skylab ambient temperature of approximately 77°F.
United States Homeland Security Detroit Field Office C.E.R.T. Training, American Red Cross training along with Selfridge Air Force Base training in Michigan: the protection against foreign matter and substance. This is why Michigan needs more security around it's borders. So let the People of Michigan salute to men and women who serve this state in defending our country.
I attend Wayne County Community College and the grants and loans I have are:
Federal Supplemental Ed Grant, Federal Pell Grant, Federal Stafford Loan, Federal Work Study and Michigan Adult Part-Time Grant.
I have an offer to Marygrove College for the Fall / 2008 and Winter / 2009 and the scholarships award me:
Federal Pell Grant, Federal Perkins Loan, Federal Subsidized Stafford Loan, Federal Unsubsidized Stafford Loan, Maxxix Grant, Michigan Tuition Grant and Supplemental Education Opportunity Grant.
It's where you look for your education that provides you with the more grants and loans. I lot of students want colleges and universities because of their name and that's where there might be an award problem. Now the colleges and universities that do nothave the name offer the more grants, finer education for the government money worth, and better transcripture when looking for a career placement resume.
Target America
911 Artifacts Crack Den
Cocaine Laboratory Cost to the Environment
Heroin Laboratory Prescription Drug Abuse
Drug trafficking Effects of Addiction on the brain
Money Laundering DEA and Law Enforcement
Cost to Children Parental & Community Involv.
Methamphetamine Hotel Addiction Research
Lost Talent Memorial Local Drug Story ( Michigan )
Debris Field Electronic Guest Book
Richardo Brown: Pi Society Science Docent
Welcome! My name is Richardo Brown and I am a Pi Society Science Docent. I have saved some photos from the United States Drug Enforcement Administration (D.E.A.) science traveling exhibit speaking on the war with terrorist militia that uses international drug sales to purchase war weapons and material of magenta and biohazard seal.
911 Artifacts
World Trade Center , Manhattan , NY
Terrorist are using money from the drug trade to fund their activities
Under Taliban control in 2000, Afghanistan produced 70% of the world’s opium
The Taliban taxed this trade while harboring Osama bin Laden and Al Qaida (responsible for 911)
Pentagon – Washington D.C.
Point out where the large cement piece came from (on the backround picture)
Cocaine Laboratory
Replica makeshift cocaine-processing lab found in the South American jungle
Leaves from the coca plant are handpicked and pressed to release the resin
Resin is processed with cement and gasoline and dried on cheesecloth stands to get white powdered cocaine
Once the powder is dried, it can be pressed into bricks and shipped around the world
Heroin Laboratory
Replica opium-processing lab in Afghanistan
White milk or latex is hand scrapped from the seedpod of the poppy plant
Opium is processed into heroin
Like cocaine, it is dried and pressed into bricks to be shipped around the world
Drug Trafficking
Most drugs are produced in remote areas of the world and trafficking to major metropolitian areas to be distributed
Drugs can be hiddenin cargo shipments going by land, sea or air
Smaller quantities can be hidden in luggage compartments, clothing and inside the body
Some people swallow small latex bags filled with cocaine or heroin
Money Laundering
Global Drug trade is a 64-billion dollar enterprise generating a lot of cash
Money is hidden from tax revenue and law enforcement by money laundering
Cash is carried in briefcases to safe banks, or traded in for gold or different currencies
Cost to Children
This exhibit demonstrates that everyone is affected by drugs not just the user
Children are some of those hardest hit by drug abuse
EXAMPLE this young child, Chelton Hicks died of sever burns sustained in a methamphetamine lab explosion in his house. His parents were making meth when the house exploded. They ran out of the house and forgot that they had left their baby behind.
Here is a picture of a man in Thailand who is high on meth, has sliced his ear and is holding this young teenager hostage at knifepoint
Here a young mother is passed out high on drugs, a father is shooting up and their baby is in diapers crawling next to her on the bed. This child is obviously not getting the attention and care that he needs.
Methamphetamine Hotel
Hotel room replica represents a temporary meth lab
Methamphetamine is made from thing bought at drug store and hardware stores
Many of these things are toxic and flammable like battery acid, solvents, paint thinner, starter fluid and antifreeze
The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) sends a hazardus waste team to clean up a meth lab
Clandestine meth labs have sprung up in large numbers around the U.S. , especially in the Midwest .
Lost Talent Memorial
The Wall of pictures shows people who have died from drug overdoses
EXCEPT the officers died in a fire caused by a indoor marijuana growing operation
You may recognize John Belushi, Janis Joplin and River Pheonix, but less famous people here in Michigan are also included
Jason Starling a teenager from Farmington Hills died of a heroin overdose
Samantha Reid died from a data rape drug, GHB,
Which someone had slliped her
You are encouraged to bring in pictures of loved ones you have lost to drugs or share a story in the notebook of how drug abuse has affected your life
Debris Field
Front half of a car that crashed into a mother and her 3 children last year in Ohio
The man driving this car was high on marijuana, cocaine and opiates
Serving a 10-year sentence for vehicular homicide because the mother in the other car died
The other things in the debris field represents items found in any neighborhood, reminding us that the effects of drug abuse can reach us anywhere
Crack Den
This an inner city crack den
The message here is that cocaine use leads to a dangerous violent lifestyle that often children are swept up in
Cost to the Environment
Here a forest has been clear-cut to grow marijuana
Many byproducts of drug processing are dumped into the environment, into streams, lakes and water supplies
Prescription Drugs
The illegal use of prescription drugs has been on the rise
EXAMPLES- Xanax, Vicodin, Oxycotin, Ketamine and Ritalin
The drugs are illegally sold by pharmacist or obtained by doctor hopping or stolen
Effects of Addiction on the Brain and Body
Certain drugs are so addictive because they interact with the brain circuit or pleasure center of the brain
The natural feel good chemicals (or neurotransmitters) in the brain include dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline
Drugs usually cause a surplus of these chemicals making you feel good
When addicted, the things that made you happy without taking drugs don’t make you happy anymore and you need the drug just to feel normal
Here are video clip of young people sharing their experiences with drug abuse and treatment
Here is a PET brain-imaging machine where the video clips show how brain function is affected by drugs
Here is a pair of healthy human lungs and a pair of unhealthy lungs from a smoker (yes these are real lungs.)
DEA and Law Enforcement
The Drug Enforcement Administration’s (DEA) mission is to identify and arrest the members of major drug trafficking organizations around the world and seize drugs coming into the country
They have offices all around the world and work with foreign government to shut down drug production and trafficking
The DEA developed this exhibit
Parental and Community Involvement
Parental involvement is a huge factor in keeping children drug free
There are national and local agencies that provide drug prevention education and resources
Addiction Research
We continue to learn about the brain and addiction through medical research
Research has found that LSD resembles the serotonin neurotransmitter
Cocaine inhibits dopamine uptakes causing a high concentration of dopamine in the synapse
4 out of 10 people who die drom AIDS in the US contracted the virus from drug-related activity
Local Drug Story ( Michigan Story)
In the 1920’s the Purple Gang ran opium dens in the city
In the 80’s and 90’s, the Young Boys Incorporated were big drug dealers
Maserati Rick was YBI leader who was shot in the hospital by a rival gang . His casket was placed in a $16.000 Mercedes Benz replica at his memorial service.
Ann Arbor hosts the Hash Bash every year
Club drugs, like ecstacy, are also prevalent
Ecstasy cause jaw grinding, so young people at clubs may have a pacifier or sucker in their mouth
Local DEA offices work with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) and other law enforcements agencies to prevent drugs from crossing the Canadian border
An X-ray of the tractor-trailer coming from the Ambassador Bridge shows large shipments of marijuana hidden
Local Michigan law enforcement officers who have been killed in drug related arrests
The Warren police detective was interviewing a suspected ecstacy dealer who had not been patted down sufficiently. The suspect drew a gun in the station and shot the police officer to death.
There is the person that is worth all the money to the President of the United States. Any way the Afghanistan mountain could be raided to find and destroy this Taliban appointed leader of Al Quida, the high tecnology / state of the arts material could not find him. Even those who have map connections with fiduiaries around the world ( i.e. I have internet international map communications), the fiduacries will not disclose this network that will provide the canvas to the leader of Al Quida.
WaThe question is what is the normal temperature in outer space using a farenheit thermometer, now change the reading temperature.
Would a earthling human year increase or decrease by Mars rotation around the star Sun ( e.g. 365 days on earth rotation equal 1 added year to a homo sapiens, Mars takes longer), and I predicted in the Planetary Society's '2000 Millennium Edition', 2013 is the dateed year for the Mars expedition even though the set date by NASA is 2015 or 2025.
How is Mars Weather!!
Here in the State of Michigan, it really matters whose team I'am on. A political activist that I' am thoughts are losing would be the most embarrasing moment in my political science history. Most of the tee-shirts from these candidates are located now in the Detroit Historical Museum ( most of the candidate's political material that I volunteered is now in Gift of Deed). I volunteer because I believe sombody has the right theory for freedon here in the United States ... so why not start up at the top, without marching around here or protesting when there is not certain meaning or disturbing the peace so another one can concentrate with out being aroused by individual or group
Politically acting to what the presidential candidate has to define for those whose have not yet voted and have watched the debates and presidential rallying. Using such such words that voters do not or have not paid to have privately defined for them.
Those who watch the Fox Television Cable Network on Sunday and through the Week have heard these spoke to the candidates:
Here are my definitions that I have been examined for (i.e. Political Science / American Governmental Systems).
Unemployment
Unemployment:
The Fact: It's Chemistry and not Geology that has the mathematics of changing temperatures from Farenheit to Celcius or Kelvin.
Iwould like to show my temperature conversions: (bet a few are correct...)
How is the weather on the Moon:
Here are some pictures of me and the Wayne State University / College of Science: Geology 1010 class in Petrolia, Canada studying the first petroleum well on Earth. I asked questions about the importing of Canadian oil to the United States. The Canadian Shield have plenty of petroleum and so does the Earth at least 1,000 years supply. The international instructor spoke that Michigan and the United States are misunderstanding about who they purchase their imported oil. You would think as much as the Canadian Federation has assisted the U.S. in the Holy War defending Saudi Arabia which began Desert Shield, Desert Storm, and the sands that belong once to the Turkmen which has underground states and states of petroleum and charge what we pay today...
The United States ought to oil purchase the Canadian markets.
International Relations/ Military Force and Terrorism
The relationship between domestic terrorism and democracy is complex. Research shows that such terrorism is most common in nations with intermediate political freedom and that the nations with the least terrorism are the most democratic nations. However, one study suggests that suicide terrorism may be an exception to this general rule. Evidence regarding this particular method of terrorism reveals that every modern suicide campaign has targeted a democracy- a state with a considerable degree of political freedom. The study suggests that concessions awarded to terrorists during the 80s and 90s for suicide attacks increased their frequency.
The definition of terrorism, state-sponsored terrorism, the definition of state terrorism remains controversial. There is no international consensus on what terrorism, state-sponsored terrorism, or state terrorism is. Nations also disagree on what distinguishes a "terrorist organisation" from a "liberation movement". There is no international agreement or treaty defining these terms.The earliest use of the word "terrorism" identified by the is a 1795 reference to what the author described as the "reign of terrorism" . During that part of the period that is now known as the Reign of Terror, or simply The Terror, the and other factions used the apparatus of the state to execute and cow political opponents.Concise terrorism is "systematic use of violence to create a general climate of fear in a population and thereby to bring about a particular political objective". State terrorism, also known as Establishment Terrorism, is "employed by governments or more often by factions within governments—against that government's citizens, against factions within the government, or against foreign governments or groups. This type of terrorism is very common but difficult to identify, mainly because the state's support is always clandestine." political analyst has stated that, "The U.S. is officially committed to what is called 'low-intensity. If you read the definition of low-intensity conflict in army manuals and compare it with official definitions of 'terrorism' in army manuals, or the U.S. Code, you find they're almost the same.The distinction between state and non-state terror is morally relativistism, and distracts from or justifies state terrorism perpetrated by favored states, typically those of wealthy and developed nations. .
World War II however, perhaps marked the most frantic period of weapons development in the history of humanity. Massive numbers of new designs and concepts were fielded, and all existing technologies were improved between 1939 and 1945. It was during this time that the atomic bomb was created.After World War II, with the onset of the Cold War, the constant technological development of new weapons was institutionalized, as participants engaged in a constant race to develop weapons and counter-weapons. This constant state of weapons development continues into the modern era, and remains a constant draw on the resources of most nations.Ultimately, the most powerful of all invented weapons is the MIRV, ICBM armed with nuclear warheads.
Rev. Richardo Brown., Associate in Science
Wayne County Comunity College District
Welfare and Education
Policy Poverty in the United States; methods of measuring poverty and the issue of in-kind benefits and transfer payments
Approximately 12% of the American people live in poverty, although about 20% of African Americans and Hispanics living in the US have incomes below the poverty line. The US government uses an absolute definition of poverty. This approach specifies a minimal level of well being in nutrition, shelter, clothing, health,etc. The government then determines what income is sufficient to maintain that level. Such factors as family size, ages of family members, and place of residence are taking into account.
The federal government calculates the poverty line by taking the annual cost of a thrifty food budget for a family of four living in an urban area, then multiplies that number by three to cover the costs of clothing, housing and other expenses. In 2003 the poverty line was 18,500 for a family of four.
Liberals argue that government cash benefits (e.g. T.A.N.F. benefits) should not be counted as income in calculating poverty, because they believe the poverty status of individuals should reflect only the income they get from the economy, not what they should receive form government to supplement their inadequate from private sectors sources.
Conservatives are critical of the present system of determining poverty because in-kind benefits from government programs are not counted in calculating the income of persons to see wheter they are below the poverty level. In-kind benifits include Medicaid or other programs, food stamps, housing, subsidies, etc.
The two basic types of social welfare programs in the United States are social insurance programs and public assistance programs. Social insurance programs are those in which only ones eligible to receive benefits are those persons, or their dependents who have contributed financially to the program for example Social Security and Medicare.
Social Security was financed on a pay as you go basis until 1983 when payroll taxes used to finance program benefits, were increased so that everyone paid higher taxes, than were needed to cover current year retirement benefits. The purpose of that is to avoid placing a heavy tax burden on the work force of the future.
By 2030 there will be only two workers for each person drawing social security benefits. Unfortunately surplus funds built up in the Social Security Trust Fund since 1983 have been used to cover the general federal government budget operating deficit. even though a Trust Fund was given US Treasury bonds to cover those surplus funds. The Trust Fund will begin cashing those bonds around 2015 shortly after the baby boom generation begins to retire.
A longer range financial problem of the Social Security System is projected to occur by 2035 when the Trust Fund will be bankrupt meaning cashed in bonds and current year social security payroll taxes will not be sufficient to cover benefit cost from then on unless there are major changes in taxes used to pay for benefits or reductions in the benefits themselves. Medicare is the second major social insurance program.
A supplement to the Social Secutiry system, this program of medical insurance for the elderly consisting of hospital insurance (known as Part A coverage) financed through the Social Security payroll tax and insurance available at a fee for covering physician services, outpatient hospital services and other medical services (known as Part B coverage). Like Social Secutiry, Medicare faces a financial crisis in the future unless the program can cope with the ever increasing growth in the cost of health care under the program.In addition to the high cost of Medicare a failing of the program is that it covers only 45% of the health care costs of the elderly. The remainder is cover by out of pocket payments by the age, for deductibles, co-payments, supplemental medical insurance, and prescription drugs.
Public Assistance programs are means tested and designed to aid families temporarily unable to support themselves or to assist persons who deserve aid because their poverty is a result of age or disability. These programs are earmarked taxes such as the payroll tax that finances Social Security and Medicare. Examples of public assistance programs are S.S.I., T.A.N.F. (which replaced A.F.D.C. through the enactment of welfare reforms in welfare programs), food stamps, housing subsidies, E.I.T.C. and Medicaid. Medicaid is one of the most expensive of these programs a means tested program of health care of the poor, established in the US on 1965. It is a federal-state public assistance program funded out of greneral revenue. A major fqailing of this program is that only one-half of those living in poverty actually receive Medicaid benefits.
Richardo Brown / A00196112 ECONOMICS #101 Featuring: Progressive and Regressive U.S. Taxation and the World. Richardo Brown/A00196112
Economics 101/Peter Badry
Researching Economics Economics studied as a social science, studies the production, distribution, and consumption of commodities.
The word economics is from the Greek words which gives the meaning family, household, estate, or custom, law, and hence literally means household management or management of the state.
An economist is a person using economic concepts and data in the course of employment, or someone who has earned a university degree in the subject.The field may be divided in several different ways, the most popular is microeconomics: at the level of individual choices and macroeconomics which formulates aggregate results.
Economics has many direct applications in business, personal finance, and government. Theories developed as a part of economic theory have also been applied to non-monetary choices in fields as diverse as criminal behavior, scientific research, death, politics, health, education, family, dating, etc. This is allowed because economics is fundamentally about human decision making. A economist studies to understand how world economies work, and what are the relations between the main economic players and institutions.
Economics is usually divided into two main branches:
Microeconomics examines the economic behaviour of individual units such as businesses and households in face of scarcity and government interactions, as well as the economic consequences of these decisions on other actors.
Macroeconomics examines an economy as a whole with a view to understanding the interaction between economic aggregates such as national income, employment and inflation. Note that general equilibrium theory combines concepts of a macro-economic view of the economy, but does so from the microeconomic viewpoint.
Attempts to join these two branches or to refute the distinction between them have been important motivators in much of recent economic thought, especially in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Today, the consensus view is arguably that good macroeconomics has solid microeconomic foundations. In other words, its premises ought to have theoretical and evidential support in microeconomics. Economists also argue that mesoeconomics, which considers the intermediate level of economic organization such as markets and other institutional arrangements, should be considered a third branch of economic study.
Economics can also be divided into numerous subdisciplines that do not always fit neatly into the macro-micro categorization. These subdisciplines include: international economics, development economics, industrial organization, public finance, economic psychology, economic sociology, institutional economics and economic geography. Another division of the subject distinguishes positive economics, which seeks to predict and explain economic phenomena, from normative economics, which orders choices and actions by some criterion; such orderings necessarily involve subjective value judgments.
There are also methodologies used by economists whose underlying theories are important. The most significant example may be econometrics, which applies statistical techniques to the study of economic data. Computational economics relies on mathematical methods, including econometrics. Another trend which is more recent, and closer to microeconomics, is to use social psychology for concepts that are included in behavioural economics and methods of experimental economics to understand deviations from the predictions of neoclassical economics.
Evolutionary economics often deals with the otherwise difficult questions related to the role of 'routines' and 'capabilities' in explaining heterogeneity in firm outcomes. Economic history is the study of economic change, and of economic phenomena in the past.
Finance has traditionally been considered a part of economics – as its body of results emerges naturally from microeconomics – but has today effectively established itself as a separate, though closely related, discipline.
Economics relies on rigorous styles of argument. Economic methodology has several interacting parts: Collection of economic data. These data consist of measurable values of price and changes in price, for measurable commodities. For example: the cost to hire a worker for a week, or the cost of a particular commodity, and how much is typically used. Formulation of models of economic relationships, for example, the relationship between the general level of prices and the general level of employment. This includes observable forms of economic activity, such as money, consumption, preferences, buying, selling, and prices. In economics there are typically three types of equations in use.
1.) Identity Equations are used to explain how certain economic values are calculated. An example is the relationship of the quantity theory of money, which is shown by the equation of exchange.M x V = P x Q. This is often used to find how fast money circulates in the economy and can be consider an accounting measure. Another example is national income
2.) Behavioral equations are used to describe how an economic agent behaves. Much of the power of economics as a science comes from the ability to express mathematically the way people pursue incentives within constraints. Examples are such as those that show consumption, using consumption function, however this is often applied to many different fields of economics which is increasingly expanded as economics moves out of field traditionally associated with it.
3.) The final type of equations are those of Equilbrum equations, which are used to show the point where variables reach a natural level directed by economic forces using systems of simultaneous equations. This is most commonly represented by typically neoclassical static supply and demand models. It is important to note that equilbrum models do not exist in dynamic economic models where variables often either orbit an equilbrum but never reach it, or simply are not equilbrum based.
This article will refer to such models as formal models, although they are not formal in the sense of formal logic. Economists often formulate very simple models in order to define the impact of just one variant changing. This is called the "ceteris paribus"-assumption (All others equal), meaning that all other things are assumed not to change during the period of observation. Example: If the price of movie tickets rises, ceteris paribus the demand for popcorn falls. However it is possible with the use of econometric method to determine one relationship while removing much of the noise caused by other variables.
Mainstream economics begins with the premise that resources are scarce and that it is necessary to choose between competing alternatives. That is, economics deals with tradeoffs. With scarcity, choosing one alternative implies forgoing another alternative—the opportunity cost. The opportunity cost creates an implicit price relationship between competing alternatives. In addition, in both market oriented and planned economies, scarcity is often explicitly quantified by price relationships. Scarcity is defined as: when the price is zero, the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied. Price is a measure of relative scarcity. If all other market variables are held constant; When the price is rising, this indicates the commodity is becoming relatively more scarce. When the price is falling, this indicates the commodity is becoming relatively less scarce.
Adam Smith considered, for example, the trade-off between time, or convenience, and money. He discussed how a person could live near town, and pay more for rent of his home, or live farther away and pay less, "paying the difference out of his convenience".
Post Keynesian ecomomics: An alternative school - one of the successors to the Keynesian tradition with a focus on macroeconomics. They concentrate on macroeconomic rigidities and adjustment processes, and research microfoundations for their models based on real-life practices rather than simple optimizing models.
New Keynesian economics: The other school associated with developments in the Keynesian fashion. These researchers tend to share with other Neoclassical economists the emphasis on models based on microfoundations and optimizing behaviour but focus more narrowly on standard Keynesian themes such as price and wage rigidity. These are usually made to be endogenous features of these models, rather than simply assumed as in older style Keynesian ones.
The welfare definition was still criticized as too narrowly materialistic. It ignores, for example, the non-material aspects of the services of a doctor or a dancer. A theory of wages which ignored all those sums paid for immaterial services was incomplete.
Welfare could not be quantitatively measured, because the marginal significance of money differs from rich to the poor (that is, $100 is relatively more important to the well-being of a poor person than to that of a wealthy person).
Moreover, the activities of production and distribution of goods such as alcohol and tobacco may not be conducive to human welfare, but these scarce goods do satisfy innate human wants and desires.
Scarcity defined: This definition allows a potentially broader field of study, but it, too, has its critics. It is most agreeable to those who consider economics a pure science, but others object that it reduces economics merely to a valuation theory. It ignores how values are fixed, prices are determined and national income is generated. It also ignores unemployment and other problems arising due to abundance.
This definition cannot apply to such Keynesian concerns as cyclical instability, full employment, and economic growth. The focus on scarcity continues to dominate neoclassical economics, which, in turn, predominates in most academic economics departments. It has been criticized in recent years from a variety of quarters, including institutional economics and evolutionary economics and surplus economics In microeconomic theory; supply and demand attempts to describe, explain, and predict the price and quantity of goods sold in perfectly competitive markets. It is one of the most fundamental economic models, ubiquitously used as a basic building block in a wide range of more detailed economic models and theories.
To define, demand is the quantity of a product that a consumer or buyer would be willing and able to buy at any given price in a given period of time. Demand is often represented as a table or a graph relating price and quantity demanded. Most economic models assume that consumers make rational choices about how much to buy in order to maximize their utility - they spend their income on the products that will give them the most happiness at the least cost. The law of demand states that, in general, price and quantity demanded are inversely related. In other words, the higher the price of a product, the less of it consumers will buy.
Supply is the quantity of goods that a producer or a supplier is willing to bring into the market for the purpose of sale at any given price in a given period of time. Supply is often represented as a table or a graph relating price and quantity supplied. Like consumers, producers are assumed to be utility-maximizing, attempting to produce the amount of goods that will bring them the greatest possible profit. The law of supply states that price and quantity supplied are directly proportional. In other words, the higher the price of a product, the more of it producers will create.
The theory of supply and demand is crucial to explaining the market economy in that it explains the mechanisms by which prices and levels of production are set.
As we already know, AD =C + I + G + (X - M) where 'G' stands for government spending. Taxation is accounted for in the affect it has on the other components of aggregate demand (for example, consumption will fall if more is spent in paying taxes!). Increases in government spending will increase aggregate demand, which will have affects on the economy overall. It leads to an increase in output and average prices, other things being equal.
However, the degree to which output/prices rise depends on the elasticity of AS. This can be easily shown on an AD-AS diagram: diagram needed If Aggregate Supply is elastic, an large increase in output may result with little risk of inflationary pressures. However, if AS is inelastic increased government spending may not be the best way of boosting the economy, as it is at risk of 'overheating' - that is, at risk of causing inflation rather than growth in output. Similarly, a fall in government spending will 'cool' the economy, and cause a contraction in AD. Aggregate Supply defines as specific changes in fiscal policy can be used to affect aggregate supply:
Capital Spending: Government spending on infrastructure, such as new transport networks, increases the potential output of an economy. Also, lower corporation taxes mean that businesses can invest greater sums at the same time, contributing both to AD and AS. Capital spending could also include investment in 'human capital', such as retraining, higher education and vocational training as ways to increase the supply of labour, reduce unemployment and provide a more productive workforce. Human capital is becomming ever more important as many developed countries now aim for a knowledge-based economy, in which labour is more productive.
Workforce Incentives: Changes in the benefits system, such as a reduction in income tax, could create greater incentive for individuals to return to work. This increases labour supply, and hence overall supply as labour is a factor of production. It could be argued that welfare and benefit reform is more important ie. fewer benefits for the unemployed to incentivise them to work.
R&D: Increased G could encourage developments in technology, which also increase the potential output of an economy, though without an accompyaning increase in demand, this will only increase 'slack' in the economy, reducing inflationary pressure, rather than an actual increase in total output. These AS effects are dependent upon carefully targetted government spending, and it is important to note that government spending alone will not necessarily affect AS.
Fiscal Policy Terms Expansionary Fiscal Policy = G > T. That means that government spending is greater than the rate of taxation, so it is a boost to the economy. The disadvantage to this is that a budget deficit will ultimately build up Contractionary Fiscal Policy = G < T. This has a contractionary, deflationary effect on the economy, but it will improve the government finances over time.
An important feature of tax systems is whether they are proportional tax the tax as a percentage of income is constant over all income levels, progressive tax the tax as a percentage of income rises as income rises, or regressive tax the tax as a percentage of income falls as income rises. Progressive taxes reduce the tax incidence of people with smaller incomes, as they shift the incidence disproportionately to those with higher incomes.
A poll tax, also called a per capita tax, or capitation tax, is a tax that levies a set amount per individual. One of the earliest taxes mentioned in the Bible of a half-shekel per annum from each adult Jew was a form of poll tax. Poll taxes are administratively cheap because they are easy to compute and collect and difficult to cheat. Economists have considered poll taxes economically efficient because people are presumed to be in fixed supply. However, poll taxes are very unpopular because they are strongly regressive defining poorer people are to pay a higher proportion of their income than richer people. In addition, the supply of people is in fact not fixed over time: on average, couples will choose to have fewer children if a poll tax is imposed.
In a progressive tax, the more you earn, the higher your tax rate.
In a regressive tax, the less you earn, the higher your tax rate. The classical progressive tax is income tax. The classical regressive tax is sales tax. Most pre unit taxes are regressive. For example, in real estate, a $1,000/yr per lot assessment fee is not uncommon in some areas. (for things like fire and sewer, etc) That's a fair chunk for a $200,000 home, hardly nothing for a $2,000,000 home in the same assessment district.
Here is an example of a per-unit tax also of the "sin tax" variety, combining two of the most regressive of all taxes. In California, a (say) $1/gallon of alcoholic beverage tax was enacted, then quickly repealed. The reason was, this was a major tax bite on a six-pack of beer, and almost nothing on a $150 bottle of champagne, or a $60 bottle of scotch or wine. Often sin-taxes are easy for politicians, not this time. There was a similar per-unit "snack tax" that met a similar fate because of potato chips v. caviar and such. These amplifications of the tax rate discrepancy work in conjunction with the normal regressive sales tax functions.
We claim that progressive taxes buys Rich Boy toys, regressive taxes buy Poor Boy toys. Progressive taxes (such as income taxes) pay mostly for,
Rich Boy Toys: Desert Storm, Cold War, gunboat diplomacy, the Fed's infinite labor pool (WANTED: unemployment) and any related poverty, NAFTA, GAT, free trade agreements, interstate freeways, National Parks, FBI, CIA, a hot-shot standing military, etc. Regressive taxes: (mostly local sales taxes and fees) pay for
Poor boys toys: local roads, hospitals, schools, local parks, libraries, cops, city/county councils, fire fighting, etc. If "toys" sounds too flippant, feel free to swap with a term that rings true for you, such as "tools of the trade", or "economic infrastructures."
o oversimplify a bit, a carpenter does not require the Rich Boy toys, and the CEO of GM does not require the Poor Boy toys. And progressive (mostly federal income) taxes soak the rich, regressive (mostly local sales) taxes soak the poor. This does exactly what it says on the tin! A government can increase the money supply by printing money or providing incentives for banks to increase the lending of money (not changing interest rates). T
his results in an increase in the amount of disposable income people will have to spend on goods and services. This shifts aggregate demand, as AD = C + I + G + (X - M) , with consumer spending represented by 'C'.
Consequences of changing the Money Supply. Since increasing the money supply can affect AD, then ceteris paribus (cp.) inflation in prices will result at the same time as an increase in output, as can be shown on any demand and supply diagram. A central bank must decide whether the benefits of demand-side economic growth outweigh the costs of potential demand-pull inflation.
This resultant inflation could cause the currency to depreciate against others, as fewer goods and services can be bought for the same nominal amount of money. This means that the exchange rate is lower, increasing the price of imports and increasing the competitiveness of exports with their associated effects on the economy
Interest Rates: This is the major method of monetary policy used today, although this was not always the case. The rate of interest is a return on savings set by the national bank, meaning that if an individual saves a sum of money in a bank, they will receive a rate of interest similar to that set by the central bank. Because of this, a change in the rate of interest will result several macroeconomic effects. A rise in interest rates will
Reduce consumption and investment, and consequently AD. This is due to the fact that individuals and firms will be more inclined to save wages and profits than invest or spend them, as the return on saving per year is greater and raise the cost of borrowing from banks, as the rate of interest on repayments is greater. This could further reduce spending and investment to encourage foreign investment in domestic institutions and firms to increase, as a high rate of return on savings is attractive. High demand for the currency will raise its value (like any other product). This would lead to an increase in the price of exports and a fall in the price of imports, resulting in an increase in imports and fall in exports as they are less competitive globally.
This would lead to a fall in AD ( X - M ) The major purpose of a rise in interest rates is to 'cool down' an economy that is overheating ie. to reduce inflationary pressure due to high aggregate demand and no complementary increase in long run aggregate supply.The exact opposite applies to a fall in interest rates. A cut in interest rates is often used to aid economic recovery and boost consumer demand, make exports more competitive, and encourage capital investment by firms
Monopoly is defined as a single seller in a given industry. Are all monopolies harmful consumers ask? Being a single seller, by itself, is not good, nor evil -- it depends on how one obtained that single-seller status. Did one obtain a monopoly by economic competition in the marketplace, or did one obtain it by political pull, i.e., lobbying? If such status is gained by competition in the free-market then the monopoly; the successful business is good.
If such status is gained by using the government, or Mafia, to force one's competition out of business, then the monopoly is evil. As all political intervention initiation of force in the marketplace is outlawed under capitalism, a harmful mon
